// <range_access.h> -*- C++ -*-

// Copyright (C) 2010-2020 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
//
// This file is part of the GNU ISO C++ Library.  This library is free
// software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the
// terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the
// Free Software Foundation; either version 3, or (at your option)
// any later version.

// This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
// GNU General Public License for more details.

// Under Section 7 of GPL version 3, you are granted additional
// permissions described in the GCC Runtime Library Exception, version
// 3.1, as published by the Free Software Foundation.

// You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License and
// a copy of the GCC Runtime Library Exception along with this program;
// see the files COPYING3 and COPYING.RUNTIME respectively.  If not, see
// <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.

/** @file bits/range_access.h
 *  This is an internal header file, included by other library headers.
 *  Do not attempt to use it directly. @headername{iterator}
 */

#ifndef _GLIBCXX_RANGE_ACCESS_H
#define _GLIBCXX_RANGE_ACCESS_H 1

#pragma GCC system_header

#if __cplusplus >= 201103L
#include <initializer_list>
#include <bits/iterator_concepts.h>
#include <ext/numeric_traits.h>

namespace std _GLIBCXX_VISIBILITY(default)
{
_GLIBCXX_BEGIN_NAMESPACE_VERSION

  /**
   *  @brief  Return an iterator pointing to the first element of
   *          the container.
   *  @param  __cont  Container.
   */
  template<typename _Container>
    inline _GLIBCXX17_CONSTEXPR auto
    begin(_Container& __cont) -> decltype(__cont.begin())
    { return __cont.begin(); }

  /**
   *  @brief  Return an iterator pointing to the first element of
   *          the const container.
   *  @param  __cont  Container.
   */
  template<typename _Container>
    inline _GLIBCXX17_CONSTEXPR auto
    begin(const _Container& __cont) -> decltype(__cont.begin())
    { return __cont.begin(); }

  /**
   *  @brief  Return an iterator pointing to one past the last element of
   *          the container.
   *  @param  __cont  Container.
   */
  template<typename _Container>
    inline _GLIBCXX17_CONSTEXPR auto
    end(_Container& __cont) -> decltype(__cont.end())
    { return __cont.end(); }

  /**
   *  @brief  Return an iterator pointing to one past the last element of
   *          the const container.
   *  @param  __cont  Container.
   */
  template<typename _Container>
    inline _GLIBCXX17_CONSTEXPR auto
    end(const _Container& __cont) -> decltype(__cont.end())
    { return __cont.end(); }

  /**
   *  @brief  Return an iterator pointing to the first element of the array.
   *  @param  __arr  Array.
   */
  template<typename _Tp, size_t _Nm>
    inline _GLIBCXX14_CONSTEXPR _Tp*
    begin(_Tp (&__arr)[_Nm]) noexcept
    { return __arr; }

  /**
   *  @brief  Return an iterator pointing to one past the last element
   *          of the array.
   *  @param  __arr  Array.
   */
  template<typename _Tp, size_t _Nm>
    inline _GLIBCXX14_CONSTEXPR _Tp*
    end(_Tp (&__arr)[_Nm]) noexcept
    { return __arr + _Nm; }

#if __cplusplus >= 201402L

  template<typename _Tp> class valarray;
  // These overloads must be declared for cbegin and cend to use them.
  template<typename _Tp> _Tp* begin(valarray<_Tp>&) noexcept;
  template<typename _Tp> const _Tp* begin(const valarray<_Tp>&) noexcept;
  template<typename _Tp> _Tp* end(valarray<_Tp>&) noexcept;
  template<typename _Tp> const _Tp* end(const valarray<_Tp>&) noexcept;

  /**
   *  @brief  Return an iterator pointing to the first element of
   *          the const container.
   *  @param  __cont  Container.
   */
  template<typename _Container>
    inline constexpr auto
    cbegin(const _Container& __cont) noexcept(noexcept(std::begin(__cont)))
      -> decltype(std::begin(__cont))
    { return std::begin(__cont); }

  /**
   *  @brief  Return an iterator pointing to one past the last element of
   *          the const container.
   *  @param  __cont  Container.
   */
  template<typename _Container>
    inline constexpr auto
    cend(const _Container& __cont) noexcept(noexcept(std::end(__cont)))
      -> decltype(std::end(__cont))
    { return std::end(__cont); }

  /**
   *  @brief  Return a reverse iterator pointing to the last element of
   *          the container.
   *  @param  __cont  Container.
   */
  template<typename _Container>
    inline _GLIBCXX17_CONSTEXPR auto
    rbegin(_Container& __cont) -> decltype(__cont.rbegin())
    { return __cont.rbegin(); }

  /**
   *  @brief  Return a reverse iterator pointing to the last element of
   *          the const container.
   *  @param  __cont  Container.
   */
  template<typename _Container>
    inline _GLIBCXX17_CONSTEXPR auto
    rbegin(const _Container& __cont) -> decltype(__cont.rbegin())
    { return __cont.rbegin(); }

  /**
   *  @brief  Return a reverse iterator pointing one past the first element of
   *          the container.
   *  @param  __cont  Container.
   */
  template<typename _Container>
    inline _GLIBCXX17_CONSTEXPR auto
    rend(_Container& __cont) -> decltype(__cont.rend())
    { return __cont.rend(); }

  /**
   *  @brief  Return a reverse iterator pointing one past the first element of
   *          the const container.
   *  @param  __cont  Container.
   */
  template<typename _Container>
    inline _GLIBCXX17_CONSTEXPR auto
    rend(const _Container& __cont) -> decltype(__cont.rend())
    { return __cont.rend(); }

  /**
   *  @brief  Return a reverse iterator pointing to the last element of
   *          the array.
   *  @param  __arr  Array.
   */
  template<typename _Tp, size_t _Nm>
    inline _GLIBCXX17_CONSTEXPR reverse_iterator<_Tp*>
    rbegin(_Tp (&__arr)[_Nm]) noexcept
    { return reverse_iterator<_Tp*>(__arr + _Nm); }

  /**
   *  @brief  Return a reverse iterator pointing one past the first element of
   *          the array.
   *  @param  __arr  Array.
   */
  template<typename _Tp, size_t _Nm>
    inline _GLIBCXX17_CONSTEXPR reverse_iterator<_Tp*>
    rend(_Tp (&__arr)[_Nm]) noexcept
    { return reverse_iterator<_Tp*>(__arr); }

  /**
   *  @brief  Return a reverse iterator pointing to the last element of
   *          the initializer_list.
   *  @param  __il  initializer_list.
   */
  template<typename _Tp>
    inline _GLIBCXX17_CONSTEXPR reverse_iterator<const _Tp*>
    rbegin(initializer_list<_Tp> __il) noexcept
    { return reverse_iterator<const _Tp*>(__il.end()); }

  /**
   *  @brief  Return a reverse iterator pointing one past the first element of
   *          the initializer_list.
   *  @param  __il  initializer_list.
   */
  template<typename _Tp>
    inline _GLIBCXX17_CONSTEXPR reverse_iterator<const _Tp*>
    rend(initializer_list<_Tp> __il) noexcept
    { return reverse_iterator<const _Tp*>(__il.begin()); }

  /**
   *  @brief  Return a reverse iterator pointing to the last element of
   *          the const container.
   *  @param  __cont  Container.
   */
  template<typename _Container>
    inline _GLIBCXX17_CONSTEXPR auto
    crbegin(const _Container& __cont) -> decltype(std::rbegin(__cont))
    { return std::rbegin(__cont); }

  /**
   *  @brief  Return a reverse iterator pointing one past the first element of
   *          the const container.
   *  @param  __cont  Container.
   */
  template<typename _Container>
    inline _GLIBCXX17_CONSTEXPR auto
    crend(const _Container& __cont) -> decltype(std::rend(__cont))
    { return std::rend(__cont); }

#endif // C++14

#if __cplusplus >= 201703L
#define __cpp_lib_nonmember_container_access 201411

  /**
   *  @brief  Return the size of a container.
   *  @param  __cont  Container.
   */
  template <typename _Container>
    constexpr auto
    size(const _Container& __cont) noexcept(noexcept(__cont.size()))
    -> decltype(__cont.size())
    { return __cont.size(); }

  /**
   *  @brief  Return the size of an array.
   */
  template <typename _Tp, size_t _Nm>
    constexpr size_t
    size(const _Tp (&)[_Nm]) noexcept
    { return _Nm; }

  /**
   *  @brief  Return whether a container is empty.
   *  @param  __cont  Container.
   */
  template <typename _Container>
    [[nodiscard]] constexpr auto
    empty(const _Container& __cont) noexcept(noexcept(__cont.empty()))
    -> decltype(__cont.empty())
    { return __cont.empty(); }

  /**
   *  @brief  Return whether an array is empty (always false).
   */
  template <typename _Tp, size_t _Nm>
    [[nodiscard]] constexpr bool
    empty(const _Tp (&)[_Nm]) noexcept
    { return false; }

  /**
   *  @brief  Return whether an initializer_list is empty.
   *  @param  __il  Initializer list.
   */
  template <typename _Tp>
    [[nodiscard]] constexpr bool
    empty(initializer_list<_Tp> __il) noexcept
    { return __il.size() == 0;}

  /**
   *  @brief  Return the data pointer of a container.
   *  @param  __cont  Container.
   */
  template <typename _Container>
    constexpr auto
    data(_Container& __cont) noexcept(noexcept(__cont.data()))
    -> decltype(__cont.data())
    { return __cont.data(); }

  /**
   *  @brief  Return the data pointer of a const container.
   *  @param  __cont  Container.
   */
  template <typename _Container>
    constexpr auto
    data(const _Container& __cont) noexcept(noexcept(__cont.data()))
    -> decltype(__cont.data())
    { return __cont.data(); }

  /**
   *  @brief  Return the data pointer of an array.
   *  @param  __array  Array.
   */
  template <typename _Tp, size_t _Nm>
    constexpr _Tp*
    data(_Tp (&__array)[_Nm]) noexcept
    { return __array; }

  /**
   *  @brief  Return the data pointer of an initializer list.
   *  @param  __il  Initializer list.
   */
  template <typename _Tp>
    constexpr const _Tp*
    data(initializer_list<_Tp> __il) noexcept
    { return __il.begin(); }

#endif // C++17

#if __cplusplus > 201703L
#define __cpp_lib_ssize 201902L
  template<typename _Container>
    constexpr auto
    ssize(const _Container& __cont)
    noexcept(noexcept(__cont.size()))
    -> common_type_t<ptrdiff_t, make_signed_t<decltype(__cont.size())>>
    {
      using type = make_signed_t<decltype(__cont.size())>;
      return static_cast<common_type_t<ptrdiff_t, type>>(__cont.size());
    }

  template<typename _Tp, ptrdiff_t _Num>
    constexpr ptrdiff_t
    ssize(const _Tp (&)[_Num]) noexcept
    { return _Num; }

#ifdef __cpp_lib_concepts
namespace ranges
{
  template<typename>
    inline constexpr bool disable_sized_range = false;

  template<typename _Tp>
    inline constexpr bool enable_borrowed_range = false;

  template<typename _Tp>
    extern const bool enable_view;

  namespace __detail
  {
    template<integral _Tp>
      constexpr auto
      __to_unsigned_like(_Tp __t) noexcept
      { return static_cast<make_unsigned_t<_Tp>>(__t); }

#if defined __STRICT_ANSI__ && defined __SIZEOF_INT128__
    constexpr unsigned __int128
    __to_unsigned_like(__int128 __t) noexcept
    { return __t; }

    constexpr unsigned __int128
    __to_unsigned_like(unsigned __int128 __t) noexcept
    { return __t; }
#endif

    template<typename _Tp>
      using __make_unsigned_like_t
	= decltype(__detail::__to_unsigned_like(std::declval<_Tp>()));

    // Part of the constraints of ranges::borrowed_range
    template<typename _Tp>
      concept __maybe_borrowed_range
	= is_lvalue_reference_v<_Tp>
	  || enable_borrowed_range<remove_cvref_t<_Tp>>;

  } // namespace __detail

  namespace __cust_access
  {
    using std::ranges::__detail::__maybe_borrowed_range;
    using std::__detail::__class_or_enum;
    using std::__detail::__decay_copy;
    using std::__detail::__member_begin;
    using std::__detail::__adl_begin;

    struct _Begin
    {
    private:
      template<typename _Tp>
	static constexpr bool
	_S_noexcept()
	{
	  if constexpr (is_array_v<remove_reference_t<_Tp>>)
	    return true;
	  else if constexpr (__member_begin<_Tp>)
	    return noexcept(__decay_copy(std::declval<_Tp&>().begin()));
	  else
	    return noexcept(__decay_copy(begin(std::declval<_Tp&>())));
	}

    public:
      template<__maybe_borrowed_range _Tp>
	requires is_array_v<remove_reference_t<_Tp>> || __member_begin<_Tp>
	  || __adl_begin<_Tp>
	constexpr auto
	operator()(_Tp&& __t) const noexcept(_S_noexcept<_Tp>())
	{
	  if constexpr (is_array_v<remove_reference_t<_Tp>>)
	    {
	      static_assert(is_lvalue_reference_v<_Tp>);
	      using _Up = remove_all_extents_t<remove_reference_t<_Tp>>;
	      static_assert(sizeof(_Up) != 0, "not array of incomplete type");
	      return __t + 0;
	    }
	  else if constexpr (__member_begin<_Tp>)
	    return __t.begin();
	  else
	    return begin(__t);
	}
    };

    template<typename _Tp>
      concept __member_end = requires(_Tp& __t)
	{
	  { __decay_copy(__t.end()) }
	    -> sentinel_for<decltype(_Begin{}(std::forward<_Tp>(__t)))>;
	};

    void end(auto&) = delete;
    void end(const auto&) = delete;

    template<typename _Tp>
      concept __adl_end = __class_or_enum<remove_reference_t<_Tp>>
	&& requires(_Tp& __t)
	{
	  { __decay_copy(end(__t)) }
	    -> sentinel_for<decltype(_Begin{}(std::forward<_Tp>(__t)))>;
	};

    struct _End
    {
    private:
      template<typename _Tp>
	static constexpr bool
	_S_noexcept()
	{
	  if constexpr (is_bounded_array_v<remove_reference_t<_Tp>>)
	    return true;
	  else if constexpr (__member_end<_Tp>)
	    return noexcept(__decay_copy(std::declval<_Tp&>().end()));
	  else
	    return noexcept(__decay_copy(end(std::declval<_Tp&>())));
	}

    public:
      template<__maybe_borrowed_range _Tp>
	requires is_bounded_array_v<remove_reference_t<_Tp>> || __member_end<_Tp>
	|| __adl_end<_Tp>
	constexpr auto
	operator()(_Tp&& __t) const noexcept(_S_noexcept<_Tp>())
	{
	  if constexpr (is_bounded_array_v<remove_reference_t<_Tp>>)
	    {
	      static_assert(is_lvalue_reference_v<_Tp>);
	      return __t + extent_v<remove_reference_t<_Tp>>;
	    }
	  else if constexpr (__member_end<_Tp>)
	    return __t.end();
	  else
	    return end(__t);
	}
    };

    template<typename _Tp>
      constexpr decltype(auto)
      __as_const(_Tp&& __t) noexcept
      {
	if constexpr (is_lvalue_reference_v<_Tp>)
	  return static_cast<const remove_reference_t<_Tp>&>(__t);
	else
	  return static_cast<const _Tp&&>(__t);
      }

    struct _CBegin
    {
      template<typename _Tp>
	constexpr auto
	operator()(_Tp&& __e) const
	noexcept(noexcept(_Begin{}(__cust_access::__as_const((_Tp&&)__e))))
	requires requires { _Begin{}(__cust_access::__as_const((_Tp&&)__e)); }
	{
	  return _Begin{}(__cust_access::__as_const(std::forward<_Tp>(__e)));
	}
    };

    struct _CEnd
    {
      template<typename _Tp>
	constexpr auto
	operator()(_Tp&& __e) const
	noexcept(noexcept(_End{}(__cust_access::__as_const((_Tp&&)__e))))
	requires requires { _End{}(__cust_access::__as_const((_Tp&&)__e)); }
	{
	  return _End{}(__cust_access::__as_const(std::forward<_Tp>(__e)));
	}
    };

    template<typename _Tp>
      concept __member_rbegin = requires(_Tp& __t)
	{
	  { __decay_copy(__t.rbegin()) } -> input_or_output_iterator;
	};

    void rbegin(auto&) = delete;
    void rbegin(const auto&) = delete;

    template<typename _Tp>
      concept __adl_rbegin = __class_or_enum<remove_reference_t<_Tp>>
	&& requires(_Tp& __t)
	{
	  { __decay_copy(rbegin(__t)) } -> input_or_output_iterator;
	};

    template<typename _Tp>
      concept __reversable = requires(_Tp& __t)
	{
	  { _Begin{}(__t) } -> bidirectional_iterator;
	  { _End{}(__t) } -> same_as<decltype(_Begin{}(__t))>;
	};

    struct _RBegin
    {
    private:
      template<typename _Tp>
	static constexpr bool
	_S_noexcept()
	{
	  if constexpr (__member_rbegin<_Tp>)
	    return noexcept(__decay_copy(std::declval<_Tp&>().rbegin()));
	  else if constexpr (__adl_rbegin<_Tp>)
	    return noexcept(__decay_copy(rbegin(std::declval<_Tp&>())));
	  else
	    {
	      if constexpr (noexcept(_End{}(std::declval<_Tp&>())))
		{
		  using _It = decltype(_End{}(std::declval<_Tp&>()));
		  // std::reverse_iterator copy-initializes its member.
		  return is_nothrow_copy_constructible_v<_It>;
		}
	      else
		return false;
	    }
	}

    public:
      template<__maybe_borrowed_range _Tp>
	requires __member_rbegin<_Tp> || __adl_rbegin<_Tp> || __reversable<_Tp>
	constexpr auto
	operator()(_Tp&& __t) const
	noexcept(_S_noexcept<_Tp>())
	{
	  if constexpr (__member_rbegin<_Tp>)
	    return __t.rbegin();
	  else if constexpr (__adl_rbegin<_Tp>)
	    return rbegin(__t);
	  else
	    return std::make_reverse_iterator(_End{}(__t));
	}
    };

    template<typename _Tp>
      concept __member_rend = requires(_Tp& __t)
	{
	  { __decay_copy(__t.rend()) }
	    -> sentinel_for<decltype(_RBegin{}(__t))>;
	};

    void rend(auto&) = delete;
    void rend(const auto&) = delete;

    template<typename _Tp>
      concept __adl_rend = __class_or_enum<remove_reference_t<_Tp>>
	&& requires(_Tp& __t)
	{
	  { __decay_copy(rend(__t)) }
	    -> sentinel_for<decltype(_RBegin{}(std::forward<_Tp>(__t)))>;
	};

    struct _REnd
    {
    private:
      template<typename _Tp>
	static constexpr bool
	_S_noexcept()
	{
	  if constexpr (__member_rend<_Tp>)
	    return noexcept(__decay_copy(std::declval<_Tp&>().rend()));
	  else if constexpr (__adl_rend<_Tp>)
	    return noexcept(__decay_copy(rend(std::declval<_Tp&>())));
	  else
	    {
	      if constexpr (noexcept(_Begin{}(std::declval<_Tp&>())))
		{
		  using _It = decltype(_Begin{}(std::declval<_Tp&>()));
		  // std::reverse_iterator copy-initializes its member.
		  return is_nothrow_copy_constructible_v<_It>;
		}
	      else
		return false;
	    }
	}

    public:
      template<__maybe_borrowed_range _Tp>
	requires __member_rend<_Tp> || __adl_rend<_Tp> || __reversable<_Tp>
	constexpr auto
	operator()(_Tp&& __t) const
	noexcept(_S_noexcept<_Tp>())
	{
	  if constexpr (__member_rend<_Tp>)
	    return __t.rend();
	  else if constexpr (__adl_rend<_Tp>)
	    return rend(__t);
	  else
	    return std::make_reverse_iterator(_Begin{}(__t));
	}
    };

    struct _CRBegin
    {
      template<typename _Tp>
	constexpr auto
	operator()(_Tp&& __e) const
	noexcept(noexcept(_RBegin{}(__cust_access::__as_const((_Tp&&)__e))))
	requires requires { _RBegin{}(__cust_access::__as_const((_Tp&&)__e)); }
	{
	  return _RBegin{}(__cust_access::__as_const(std::forward<_Tp>(__e)));
	}
    };

    struct _CREnd
    {
      template<typename _Tp>
	constexpr auto
	operator()(_Tp&& __e) const
	noexcept(noexcept(_REnd{}(__cust_access::__as_const((_Tp&&)__e))))
	requires requires { _REnd{}(__cust_access::__as_const((_Tp&&)__e)); }
	{
	  return _REnd{}(__cust_access::__as_const(std::forward<_Tp>(__e)));
	}
    };

    template<typename _Tp>
      concept __member_size = !disable_sized_range<remove_cvref_t<_Tp>>
	&& requires(_Tp&& __t)
	{
	  { __decay_copy(std::forward<_Tp>(__t).size()) }
	    -> __detail::__is_integer_like;
	};

    void size(auto&) = delete;
    void size(const auto&) = delete;

    template<typename _Tp>
      concept __adl_size = __class_or_enum<remove_reference_t<_Tp>>
	&& !disable_sized_range<remove_cvref_t<_Tp>>
	&& requires(_Tp&& __t)
	{
	  { __decay_copy(size(std::forward<_Tp>(__t))) }
	    -> __detail::__is_integer_like;
	};

    template<typename _Tp>
      concept __sentinel_size = requires(_Tp&& __t)
	{
	  { _Begin{}(std::forward<_Tp>(__t)) } -> forward_iterator;

	  { _End{}(std::forward<_Tp>(__t)) }
	    -> sized_sentinel_for<decltype(_Begin{}(std::forward<_Tp>(__t)))>;
	};

    struct _Size
    {
    private:
      template<typename _Tp>
	static constexpr bool
	_S_noexcept()
	{
	  if constexpr (is_bounded_array_v<remove_reference_t<_Tp>>)
	    return true;
	  else if constexpr (__member_size<_Tp>)
	    return noexcept(__decay_copy(std::declval<_Tp>().size()));
	  else if constexpr (__adl_size<_Tp>)
	    return noexcept(__decay_copy(size(std::declval<_Tp>())));
	  else if constexpr (__sentinel_size<_Tp>)
	    return noexcept(_End{}(std::declval<_Tp>())
			    - _Begin{}(std::declval<_Tp>()));
	}

    public:
      template<typename _Tp>
	requires is_bounded_array_v<remove_reference_t<_Tp>>
	  || __member_size<_Tp> || __adl_size<_Tp> || __sentinel_size<_Tp>
	constexpr auto
	operator()(_Tp&& __e) const noexcept(_S_noexcept<_Tp>())
	{
	  if constexpr (is_bounded_array_v<remove_reference_t<_Tp>>)
	    {
	      return extent_v<remove_reference_t<_Tp>>;
	    }
	  else if constexpr (__member_size<_Tp>)
	    return std::forward<_Tp>(__e).size();
	  else if constexpr (__adl_size<_Tp>)
	    return size(std::forward<_Tp>(__e));
	  else if constexpr (__sentinel_size<_Tp>)
	    return __detail::__to_unsigned_like(
		_End{}(std::forward<_Tp>(__e))
		- _Begin{}(std::forward<_Tp>(__e)));
	}
    };

    struct _SSize
    {
      template<typename _Tp>
	requires requires (_Tp&& __e)
	  {
	    _Begin{}(std::forward<_Tp>(__e));
	    _Size{}(std::forward<_Tp>(__e));
	  }
	constexpr auto
	operator()(_Tp&& __e) const
	noexcept(noexcept(_Size{}(std::forward<_Tp>(__e))))
	{
	  using __iter_type = decltype(_Begin{}(std::forward<_Tp>(__e)));
	  using __diff_type = iter_difference_t<__iter_type>;
	  using __gnu_cxx::__int_traits;
	  auto __size = _Size{}(std::forward<_Tp>(__e));
	  if constexpr (integral<__diff_type>)
	    {
	      if constexpr (__int_traits<__diff_type>::__digits
			    < __int_traits<ptrdiff_t>::__digits)
		return static_cast<ptrdiff_t>(__size);
	    }
	  return static_cast<__diff_type>(__size);
	}
    };

    template<typename _Tp>
      concept __member_empty = requires(_Tp&& __t)
	{ bool(std::forward<_Tp>(__t).empty()); };

    template<typename _Tp>
      concept __size0_empty = requires(_Tp&& __t)
	{ _Size{}(std::forward<_Tp>(__t)) == 0; };

    template<typename _Tp>
      concept __eq_iter_empty = requires(_Tp&& __t)
	{
	  { _Begin{}(std::forward<_Tp>(__t)) } -> forward_iterator;
	  bool(_Begin{}(std::forward<_Tp>(__t))
	      == _End{}(std::forward<_Tp>(__t)));
	};

    struct _Empty
    {
    private:
      template<typename _Tp>
	static constexpr bool
	_S_noexcept()
	{
	  if constexpr (__member_empty<_Tp>)
	    return noexcept(bool(std::declval<_Tp>().empty()));
	  else if constexpr (__size0_empty<_Tp>)
	    return noexcept(_Size{}(std::declval<_Tp>()) == 0);
	  else
	    return noexcept(bool(_Begin{}(std::declval<_Tp>())
		== _End{}(std::declval<_Tp>())));
	}

    public:
      template<typename _Tp>
	requires __member_empty<_Tp> || __size0_empty<_Tp>
	|| __eq_iter_empty<_Tp>
	constexpr bool
	operator()(_Tp&& __e) const noexcept(_S_noexcept<_Tp>())
	{
	  if constexpr (__member_empty<_Tp>)
	    return bool(std::forward<_Tp>(__e).empty());
	  else if constexpr (__size0_empty<_Tp>)
	    return _Size{}(std::forward<_Tp>(__e)) == 0;
	  else
	    return bool(_Begin{}(std::forward<_Tp>(__e))
		== _End{}(std::forward<_Tp>(__e)));
	}
    };

    template<typename _Tp>
      concept __pointer_to_object = is_pointer_v<_Tp>
				    && is_object_v<remove_pointer_t<_Tp>>;

    template<typename _Tp>
      concept __member_data = is_lvalue_reference_v<_Tp>
	&& requires(_Tp __t) { { __t.data() } -> __pointer_to_object; };

    template<typename _Tp>
      concept __begin_data = requires(_Tp&& __t)
	{ { _Begin{}(std::forward<_Tp>(__t)) } -> contiguous_iterator; };

    struct _Data
    {
    private:
      template<typename _Tp>
	static constexpr bool
	_S_noexcept()
	{
	  if constexpr (__member_data<_Tp>)
	    return noexcept(__decay_copy(std::declval<_Tp>().data()));
	  else
	    return noexcept(_Begin{}(std::declval<_Tp>()));
	}

    public:
      template<__maybe_borrowed_range _Tp>
	requires __member_data<_Tp> || __begin_data<_Tp>
	constexpr auto
	operator()(_Tp&& __e) const noexcept(_S_noexcept<_Tp>())
	{
	  if constexpr (__member_data<_Tp>)
	    return __e.data();
	  else
	    return std::to_address(_Begin{}(std::forward<_Tp>(__e)));
	}
    };

    struct _CData
    {
      template<typename _Tp>
	constexpr auto
	operator()(_Tp&& __e) const
	noexcept(noexcept(_Data{}(__cust_access::__as_const((_Tp&&)__e))))
	requires requires { _Data{}(__cust_access::__as_const((_Tp&&)__e)); }
	{
	  return _Data{}(__cust_access::__as_const(std::forward<_Tp>(__e)));
	}
    };

  } // namespace __cust_access

  inline namespace __cust
  {
    inline constexpr __cust_access::_Begin begin{};
    inline constexpr __cust_access::_End end{};
    inline constexpr __cust_access::_CBegin cbegin{};
    inline constexpr __cust_access::_CEnd cend{};
    inline constexpr __cust_access::_RBegin rbegin{};
    inline constexpr __cust_access::_REnd rend{};
    inline constexpr __cust_access::_CRBegin crbegin{};
    inline constexpr __cust_access::_CREnd crend{};
    inline constexpr __cust_access::_Size size{};
    inline constexpr __cust_access::_SSize ssize{};
    inline constexpr __cust_access::_Empty empty{};
    inline constexpr __cust_access::_Data data{};
    inline constexpr __cust_access::_CData cdata{};
  }

  /// [range.range] The range concept.
  template<typename _Tp>
    concept range = requires(_Tp& __t)
      {
	ranges::begin(__t);
	ranges::end(__t);
      };

  /// [range.range] The borrowed_range concept.
  template<typename _Tp>
    concept borrowed_range
      = range<_Tp> && __detail::__maybe_borrowed_range<_Tp>;

  template<typename _Tp>
    using iterator_t = std::__detail::__range_iter_t<_Tp>;

  template<range _Range>
    using sentinel_t = decltype(ranges::end(std::declval<_Range&>()));

  template<range _Range>
    using range_difference_t = iter_difference_t<iterator_t<_Range>>;

  template<range _Range>
    using range_value_t = iter_value_t<iterator_t<_Range>>;

  template<range _Range>
    using range_reference_t = iter_reference_t<iterator_t<_Range>>;

  template<range _Range>
    using range_rvalue_reference_t
      = iter_rvalue_reference_t<iterator_t<_Range>>;

  /// [range.sized] The sized_range concept.
  template<typename _Tp>
    concept sized_range = range<_Tp>
      && requires(_Tp& __t) { ranges::size(__t); };

  template<sized_range _Range>
    using range_size_t = decltype(ranges::size(std::declval<_Range&>()));

  // [range.refinements]

  /// A range for which ranges::begin returns an output iterator.
  template<typename _Range, typename _Tp>
    concept output_range
      = range<_Range> && output_iterator<iterator_t<_Range>, _Tp>;

  /// A range for which ranges::begin returns an input iterator.
  template<typename _Tp>
    concept input_range = range<_Tp> && input_iterator<iterator_t<_Tp>>;

  /// A range for which ranges::begin returns a forward iterator.
  template<typename _Tp>
    concept forward_range
      = input_range<_Tp> && forward_iterator<iterator_t<_Tp>>;

  /// A range for which ranges::begin returns a bidirectional iterator.
  template<typename _Tp>
    concept bidirectional_range
      = forward_range<_Tp> && bidirectional_iterator<iterator_t<_Tp>>;

  /// A range for which ranges::begin returns a random access iterator.
  template<typename _Tp>
    concept random_access_range
      = bidirectional_range<_Tp> && random_access_iterator<iterator_t<_Tp>>;

  /// A range for which ranges::begin returns a contiguous iterator.
  template<typename _Tp>
    concept contiguous_range
      = random_access_range<_Tp> && contiguous_iterator<iterator_t<_Tp>>
      && requires(_Tp& __t)
      {
	{ ranges::data(__t) } -> same_as<add_pointer_t<range_reference_t<_Tp>>>;
      };

  /// A range for which ranges::begin and ranges::end return the same type.
  template<typename _Tp>
    concept common_range
      = range<_Tp> && same_as<iterator_t<_Tp>, sentinel_t<_Tp>>;

  // [range.iter.ops] range iterator operations

  struct __advance_fn
  {
    template<input_or_output_iterator _It>
      constexpr void
      operator()(_It& __it, iter_difference_t<_It> __n) const
      {
	if constexpr (random_access_iterator<_It>)
	  __it += __n;
	else if constexpr (bidirectional_iterator<_It>)
	  {
	    if (__n > 0)
	      {
		do
		  {
		    ++__it;
		  }
		while (--__n);
	      }
	    else if (__n < 0)
	      {
		do
		  {
		    --__it;
		  }
		while (++__n);
	      }
	  }
	else
	  {
#ifdef __cpp_lib_is_constant_evaluated
	    if (std::is_constant_evaluated() && __n < 0)
	      throw "attempt to decrement a non-bidirectional iterator";
#endif
	    __glibcxx_assert(__n >= 0);
	    while (__n-- > 0)
	      ++__it;
	  }
      }

    template<input_or_output_iterator _It, sentinel_for<_It> _Sent>
      constexpr void
      operator()(_It& __it, _Sent __bound) const
      {
	if constexpr (assignable_from<_It&, _Sent>)
	  __it = std::move(__bound);
	else if constexpr (sized_sentinel_for<_Sent, _It>)
	  (*this)(__it, __bound - __it);
	else
	  {
	    while (__it != __bound)
	      ++__it;
	  }
      }

    template<input_or_output_iterator _It, sentinel_for<_It> _Sent>
      constexpr iter_difference_t<_It>
      operator()(_It& __it, iter_difference_t<_It> __n, _Sent __bound) const
      {
	if constexpr (sized_sentinel_for<_Sent, _It>)
	  {
	    const auto __diff = __bound - __it;

	    if (__diff == 0)
	      return __n;
	    else if (__diff > 0 ? __n >= __diff : __n <= __diff)
	      {
		(*this)(__it, __bound);
		return __n - __diff;
	      }
	    else if (__n != 0) [[likely]]
	      {
#ifdef __cpp_lib_is_constant_evaluated
		if (std::is_constant_evaluated() && !(__n < 0 == __diff < 0))
		  throw "inconsistent directions for distance and bound";
#endif
		// n and bound must not lead in opposite directions:
		__glibcxx_assert(__n < 0 == __diff < 0);

		(*this)(__it, __n);
		return 0;
	      }
	    else
	      return 0;
	  }
	else if (__it == __bound || __n == 0)
	  return __n;
	else if (__n > 0)
	  {
	    iter_difference_t<_It> __m = 0;
	    do
	      {
		++__it;
		++__m;
	      }
	    while (__m != __n && __it != __bound);
	    return __n - __m;
	  }
	else if constexpr (bidirectional_iterator<_It> && same_as<_It, _Sent>)
	  {
	    iter_difference_t<_It> __m = 0;
	    do
	      {
		--__it;
		--__m;
	      }
	    while (__m != __n && __it != __bound);
	    return __n - __m;
	  }
	else
	  {
#ifdef __cpp_lib_is_constant_evaluated
	    if (std::is_constant_evaluated() && __n < 0)
	      throw "attempt to decrement a non-bidirectional iterator";
#endif
	    __glibcxx_assert(__n >= 0);
	    return __n;
	  }
      }
  };

  inline constexpr __advance_fn advance{};

  struct __distance_fn
  {
    template<input_or_output_iterator _It, sentinel_for<_It> _Sent>
      constexpr iter_difference_t<_It>
      operator()(_It __first, _Sent __last) const
      {
	if constexpr (sized_sentinel_for<_Sent, _It>)
	  return __last - __first;
	else
	  {
	    iter_difference_t<_It> __n = 0;
	    while (__first != __last)
	      {
		++__first;
		++__n;
	      }
	    return __n;
	  }
      }

    template<range _Range>
      constexpr range_difference_t<_Range>
      operator()(_Range&& __r) const
      {
	if constexpr (sized_range<_Range>)
	  return static_cast<range_difference_t<_Range>>(ranges::size(__r));
	else
	  return (*this)(ranges::begin(__r), ranges::end(__r));
      }
  };

  inline constexpr __distance_fn distance{};

  struct __next_fn
  {
    template<input_or_output_iterator _It>
      constexpr _It
      operator()(_It __x) const
      {
	++__x;
	return __x;
      }

    template<input_or_output_iterator _It>
      constexpr _It
      operator()(_It __x, iter_difference_t<_It> __n) const
      {
	ranges::advance(__x, __n);
	return __x;
      }

    template<input_or_output_iterator _It, sentinel_for<_It> _Sent>
      constexpr _It
      operator()(_It __x, _Sent __bound) const
      {
	ranges::advance(__x, __bound);
	return __x;
      }

    template<input_or_output_iterator _It, sentinel_for<_It> _Sent>
      constexpr _It
      operator()(_It __x, iter_difference_t<_It> __n, _Sent __bound) const
      {
	ranges::advance(__x, __n, __bound);
	return __x;
      }
  };

  inline constexpr __next_fn next{};

  struct __prev_fn
  {
    template<bidirectional_iterator _It>
      constexpr _It
      operator()(_It __x) const
      {
	--__x;
	return __x;
      }

    template<bidirectional_iterator _It>
      constexpr _It
      operator()(_It __x, iter_difference_t<_It> __n) const
      {
	ranges::advance(__x, -__n);
	return __x;
      }

    template<bidirectional_iterator _It>
      constexpr _It
      operator()(_It __x, iter_difference_t<_It> __n, _It __bound) const
      {
	ranges::advance(__x, -__n, __bound);
	return __x;
      }
  };

  inline constexpr __prev_fn prev{};

} // namespace ranges
#endif // library concepts
#endif // C++20
_GLIBCXX_END_NAMESPACE_VERSION
} // namespace

#endif // C++11

#endif // _GLIBCXX_RANGE_ACCESS_H