ipsend - IP packet description language
The ipsend program expects, with the -L option, input to be a text
  file which fits the grammar described below. The purpose of this grammar is to
  allow IP packets to be described in an arbitary way which also allows
  encapsulation to be so done to an arbitary level.
line ::= iface | arp | send | defrouter | ipv4line .
iface ::= ifhdr "{" ifaceopts "}" ";" .
ifhdr ::= "interface" | "iface" .
ifaceopts ::= "ifname" name | "mtu" mtu | "v4addr" ipaddr |
	      "eaddr" eaddr .
send ::= "send" ";" | "send" "{" sendbodyopts "}" ";" .
sendbodyopts ::= sendbody [ sendbodyopts ] .
sendbody ::= "ifname" name | "via" ipaddr .
defrouter ::= "router" ipaddr .
arp ::= "arp" "{" arpbodyopts "}" ";" .
arpbodyopts ::= arpbody [ arpbodyopts ] .
arpbody ::= "v4addr" ipaddr | "eaddr" eaddr .
bodyline ::= ipv4line | tcpline | udpline | icmpline | dataline .
ipv4line ::= "ipv4" "{" ipv4bodyopts "}" ";" .
ipv4bodyopts ::= ipv4body [ ipv4bodyopts ] | bodyline .
ipv4body ::= "proto" protocol | "src" ipaddr | "dst" ipaddr |
	     "off" number | "v" number | "hl" number| "id" number |
	     "ttl" number | "tos" number | "sum" number | "len" number |
	     "opt" "{" ipv4optlist "}" ";" .
ipv4optlist ::= ipv4option [ ipv4optlist ] .
ipv4optlist = "nop" | "rr" | "zsu" | "mtup" | "mtur" | "encode" | "ts" |
	      "tr" | "sec" | "lsrr" | "e-sec" | "cipso" | "satid" |
	      "ssrr" | "addext" | "visa" | "imitd" | "eip" | "finn" |
	      "secclass" ipv4secclass.
ipv4secclass := "unclass" | "confid" | "reserv-1" | "reserv-2" |
		"reserv-3" | "reserv-4" | "secret" | "topsecret" .
tcpline ::= "tcp" "{" tcpbodyopts "}" ";" .
tcpbodyopts ::= tcpbody [ tcpbodyopts ] | bodyline .
tcpbody ::= "sport" port | "dport" port | "seq" number | "ack" number |
	    "off" number | "urp" number | "win" number | "sum" number |
	    "flags" tcpflags | data .
udpline ::= "udp" "{" udpbodyopts "}" ";" .
udpbodyopts ::= udpbody [ udpbodyopts ] | bodyline .
udpbody ::= "sport" port | "dport" port | "len" number | "sum" number |
	    data .
icmpline ::= "icmp" "{" icmpbodyopts "}" ";" .
icmpbodyopts ::= icmpbody [ icmpbodyopts ] | bodyline .
icmpbody ::= "type" icmptype [ "code" icmpcode ] .
icmptype ::= "echorep" | "echorep" "{" echoopts "}" ";" | "unreach" |
	     "unreach" "{" unreachtype "}" ";" | "squench" | "redir" |
	     "redir" "{" redirtype "}" ";" | "echo" "{" echoopts "}" ";" |
	     "echo" | "routerad" | "routersol" | "timex" |
	     "timex" "{" timextype "}" ";" | "paramprob" |
	     "paramprob" "{" parapptype "}" ";" | "timest" | "timestrep" |
	     "inforeq" | "inforep" | "maskreq" | "maskrep" .
echoopts ::= echoopts [ icmpechoopts ] .
unreachtype ::= "net-unr" | "host-unr" | "proto-unr" | "port-unr" |
	     "needfrag" | "srcfail" | "net-unk" | "host-unk" | "isolate" |
	     "net-prohib" | "host-prohib" | "net-tos" | "host-tos" |
	     "filter-prohib" | "host-preced" | "cutoff-preced" .
redirtype ::= "net-redir" | "host-redir" | "tos-net-redir" |
	      "tos-host-redir" .
timextype ::= "intrans" | "reass" .
paramptype ::= "optabsent" .
data	::= "data" "{" databodyopts "}" ";" .
databodyopts ::= "len" number | "value" string | "file" filename .
icmpechoopts ::= "icmpseq" number | "icmpid" number .
Before sending any packets or defining any packets, it is necessary to describe
  the interface(s) which will be used to send packets out.
  - interface
- is used to describe a network interface. The description included need not
      match the actual configuration currently employed by the operating
    system.
- send
- is used to actually send out a packet across the network. If the
      destination is not specified, it will attempt to send the packet directly
      out on the network to the destination without routing it.
- router
- configures the default router for ipsend, as distinct from the default
      route installed in the kernel.
- ipv4
- is used to describe an IP (version 4) packet. IP header fields can be
      specified, including options, followed by a data section which may contain
      further protocol headers.
  - hl <number>
- manually specifies the IP header length (automatically adjusts with the
      presence of IP options and defaults to 5);
- v <number>
- set the IP version. Default is 4.
- tos <number>
- set the type of service (TOS) field in the IP header. Default is 0.
- len <number>
- manually specifies the length of the IP packet. The length will
      automatically be adjusted to accommodate data or further protocol
    headers.
- off <number>
- sets the fragment offset field of the IP packet. Default is 0.
- ttl <number>
- sets the time to live (TTL) field of the IP header. Default is 60.
- proto <protocol>
- sets the protocol field of the IP header. The protocol can either be a
      number or a name found in /etc/protocols.
- sum
- manually specifies the checksum for the IP header. If left unset (0), it
      will be calculated prior to being sent.
- src
- manually specifies the source address of the IP header. If left unset, it
      will default to the host's IP address.
- dst
- sets the destination of the IP packet. The default is 0.0.0.0.
- opt
- is used to include IP options in the IP header.
- tcp
- is used to indicate the a TCP protocol header is to follow. See the
      TCP section for TCP header options.
- udp
- is used to indicate the a UDP protocol header is to follow. See the
      UDP section for UDP header options.
- icmp
- is used to indicate the a ICMP protocol header is to follow. See the
      ICMP section for ICMP header options.
- data
- is used to indicate that raw data is to be included in the IP packet. See
      the DATA section for details on options available.
these keywords indicate that the relevant IP option should be added to the IP
  header (the header length field will be adjusted appropriately).
  - nop
- No Operation [RFC 791] (space filler).
- rr <number>
- Record Router [RFC 791]. The number given specifies the number of
      bytes to be used for storage. This should be a multiple of 4 for
      proper operation.
- zsu
- Experimental Measurement.
- mtup [RFC 1191].
- MTU Probe.
- mtur [RFC 1191].
- MTU Ready.
- encode
- ts
- Timestamp [RFC 791].
- tr
- Traceroute [RFC 1393].
- sec-class <security-level>, sec
- Security [RFC 1108]. This option specifies the security label for the
      packet. Using sec sets up the framework of the security option but
      unless sec-class is given, the level may not be set.
- lsrr <ip-address>
- Loose Source Route [RFC 791].
- e-sec
- Extended Security [RFC 1108].
- cipso
- Commercial Security.
- satid
- Stream ID [RFC 791].
- ssrr <ip-address>
- Strict Source Route [RFC 791].
- addext
- Address Extension
- visa
- Experimental Access Control.
- imitd
- IMI Traffic Descriptor.
- eip
- [RFC 1358].
- finn
- Experimental Flow Control.
  - sport <port>
- sets the source port to the number/name given. Default is 0.
- dport <port>
- sets the destination port to the number/name given. Default is 0.
- seq <number>
- sets the sequence number to the number specified. Default is 0.
- ack <number>
- sets the acknowledge number to the number specified. Default is 0.
- off <number>
- sets the offset value for the start of data to the number specified. This
      implies the size of the TCP header. It is automatically adjusted if TCP
      options are included and defaults to 5.
- urp <number>
- sets the value of the urgent data pointer to the number specified. Default
      is 0.
- win <number>
- sets the size of the TCP window to the number specified. Default is
    4096.
- sum <number>
- manually specifies the checksum for the TCP pseudo-header and data. If
      left unset, it defaults to 0 and is automatically calculated.
- flags <tcp-flags>
- sets the TCP flags field to match the flags specified. Valid flags are
      "S" (SYN), "A" (ACK), "R" (RST),
      "F" (FIN), "U" (URG), "P" (PUSH).
- opt
- indicates that TCP header options follow. As TCP options are added to the
      TCP header, the off field is updated to match.
- data
- indicates that a data section is to follow and is to be included as raw
      data, being appended to the header.
With a TCP header, it is possible to append a number of header options. The TCP
  header offset will be updated automatically to reflect the change in size. The
  valid options are: nop No Operation, eol End Of (option) List,
  mss [ size ] Maximum Segment Size - this sets the maximum receivable
  size of a packet containing data, wscale Window Scale, ts
  Timestamp.
  - sport <port>
- sets the source port to the number/name given. Default is 0.
- dport <port>
- sets the destination port to the number/name given. Default is 0.
- len <number>
- manually specifies the length of the UDP header and data. If left unset,
      it is automatically adjusted to match the header presence and any data if
      present.
- sum <number>
- manually specifies the checksum for the UDP pseudo-header and data. If
      left unset, it defaults to 0 and is automatically calculated.
- data
- indicates that a data section is to follow and is to be included as raw
      data, being appended to the header.
  - type <icmptype>
- sets the ICMP type according the to the icmptype tag. This may either be a
      number or one of the recognised tags (see the ICMP TYPES section
      for a list of names recognised).
- code <icmpcode>
- sets the ICMP code.
- data
- indicates that a data section is to follow and is to be included as raw
      data, being appended to the header.
Each of the following extend the packet in a different way. Len just
  increases the length (without adding any content), value uses a string
  and file a file.
  - len <number>
- extend the length of the packet by number bytes (without filling
      those bytes with any particular data).
- value <string>
- indicates that the string provided should be added to the current packet
      as data. A string may be a consecutive list of characters and numbers
      (with no white spaces) or bounded by "'s (may not contain them, even
      if \'d). The \ character is recognised with the appropriate C escaped
      values, including octal numbers.
- file <filename>
- reads data in from the specified file and appends it to the current
      packet. If the new total length would exceed 64k, an error will be
      reported.
  - echorep
- Echo Reply.
- unreach [ unreachable-code ]
- Generic Unreachable error. This is used to indicate that an error has
      occurred whilst trying to send the packet across the network and that the
      destination cannot be reached. The unreachable code names are:
      net-unr network unreachable, host-unr host unreachable,
      proto-unr protocol unreachable, port-unr port unreachable,
      needfrag, srcfail source route failed, net-unk
      network unknown, host-unk host unknown, isolate,
      net-prohib administratively prohibited contact with network,
      host-prohib administratively prohibited contact with host,
      net-tos network unreachable with given TOS, host-tos host
      unreachable with given TOS, filter-prohib packet prohibited by
      packet filter, host-preced, cutoff-preced.
- squench
- Source Quence.
- redir [ redirect-code ]
- Redirect (routing). This is used to indicate that the route being chosen
      for forwarding the packet is suboptimal and that the sender of the packet
      should be routing packets via another route. The redirect code names are:
      net-redir redirect packets for a network, host-redir
      redirect packets for a host, tos-net-redir redirect packets for a
      network with a given TOS, tos-host-redir redirect packets for a
      host with a given TOS.
- echo
- Echo.
- routerad
- Router Advertisement.
- routersol
- Router solicitation.
- timex [ timexceed-code ]
- Time Exceeded. This is used to indicate that the packet failed to reach
      the destination because it was in transit too long (i.e. ttl reached 0).
      The valid code names are: intrans, reass could not
      reassemble packet from fragments within a given time.
- paramprob [ paramprob-code ]
- Parameter problem. There is only one available parameter problem code
      name: optabsent.
- timest
- Time stamp request.
- timestrep [ { timestamp-code } ]
- Time stamp reply. In a timestamp reply, it is possible to supply the
      following values: rtime, otime, ttime.
- inforeq
- Information request.
- inforep
- Information reply.
- maskreq
- Address mask request.
- maskrep
- Address mask reply.
/etc/hosts
/etc/protocols
/etc/services
ipsend(1), iptest(1), hosts(5), protocols(5), services(5)